Most the area of Nanchang lies on a vast plain. In the northeast are lakes, and the southwest are mountains and hills. The Gan River passes through it. Nanchang has a subtropical monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 17.5oC. Annual rainfall averages 1,580 millimeter. It has 296 frost-free days.

The main industries of Nanchang are engineering, textile, food processing, and electronics. Its manufacturing of automobiles and planes also play an important role in China at present.

Nanchang is rich in agricultural, forest, and aquatic resources. Not only is it a large grain region, but it also produces cotton, peanuts, sesame, jute, fruit, lotus roots, and freshwater fish. Watermelons and grapes are excellent here.